Known as the K-278 Komsomolets, this submarine sank after an onboard fire and took a nuclear reactor and two nuclear torpedoes to depths of a freezing ocean that are almost entirely out of reach. So, is this an environmental catastrophe and, if so, what are scientists doing about it? What we do know is the wreck is leaking radioactive isotopes, such as cesium and strontium, through cracks in its deteriorating hull, according to Justin Gwynn, at the Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority.

Justin and a research team have been analysing this phenomena through years of data using remotely operated vehicles and have found that these leaks aren’t constant. The leaking radioactive isotopes come in waves, with visible plumes drifting out from spots including the reactor compartment and ventilation pipes. However, the leak is not widespread and most of the radioactive materials are concentrated around the wreck.

Radiation levels take a big jump closer to the submarine, reaching hundreds of thousands of times above normal background radiation levels. Scientists are calm about the situation and state that it is still within manageable limits, Vice reports.

Measurements conducted from just a few feet away drastically drop off and researchers believe this is due to the vastness of the ocean diluting the material. Norwegian radiation authorities have guaranteed that this means that the leak does not pose any danger to either human life, or marine life.

Reacher Hilde Elise Heldal said “we weren’t surprised to find high levels here”.

Marine life clings to the wreck, such as sponges, corals and anemones, but strangely, these ecosystems aren’t witnessing any clear signs of collapse, despite the toxic radiations. Their radiation levels have shown a marginal spike, but there is a lack of deformation or damage.

Nuclear submarines are designed to have multiple protective barriers to ensure that no radiation leaks out of the vessel. Luckily, the submarine’s nuclear torpedoes are still intact and have been since the 1990s. As such, sediment samples collected nearby show minimal contamination.

The nuclear reactors are sealed, contained within strong structures and then protected by the submarine’s hull.

Scientists are not dismissing the issue but say that the situation is “not alarming” in spite of the radioactive materials and experts assure the public that there is no cause for alarm.

But the reactor is still corroding, the structure is still weakening and repairs and cleanup will be expensive, extremely difficult and dangerous.